Wednesday, December 25, 2019

Characteristics of Art History Extended Essay Topics

Characteristics of Art History Extended Essay Topics Focus on designers who focus on a particular industry niche. Before worrying about research, however, you must choose a subject and a topic. Getting your newspaper printed by our skilled authors is actually uncomplicated, though you will be running over a smaller funds. Getting your newspaper released by our specialist authors is actually simple, although you chance to be running on the minimal funds. Vital Pieces of Art History Extended Essay Topics You may only take an overall idea from it. As an outsider, it's tricky to say that there's an absolutely right decision about your selection of subject. Quite simply, the topic has to be something debatable. If you're really stuck trying to discover a not too broad or narrow topic, I would recommend attempting to brainstorm a topic that employs a comparison. Without tasting smelling touching or hearing it may be difficult to find oneself in an alternate universe through a sheet of art work that was the artists intended purpose. Tradition commonly dictates that they're thwarted and lose in the long run. There's no exception for art. Facts, Fiction and Art History Extended Essay Topics Moreover, it's your opportunity to research any issue from the past that isn't included in your school curriculum. Given that tutorial essays are typical in the area of schooling and exploration, you should be certain your writing is just as reasonable, exciting and enlightening. Finding a whole country to go from the company of normal life to mobilizing to defeat an enemy is an intimidating job, and an attractive illustration followed by a great deal of small text was not likely to do it. What's truly puzzling, nevertheless, is that the 3 participants in the crime each tell a wholly different story of the husband's death. Above the duration of the tutorial occupation, you will be asked for to compose a great deal of essays and papers on several subjects, based on the coaching routine. It seriously isn't really effortless to supply an important essay because it wants a sizable quantity of your time and comprehension. Over the duration of your respective educational occupation, you may be asked for to compose a good deal of papers and essays on several subject areas, based on the teaching computer software. Over the duration of the educational profession, you will be asked for to compose many papers and essays on lots of subjects, based on the schooling approach. The End of Art History Extended Essay Topics History essays find it impossible to center on subjects that occurred in the last ten years that's simply not history. You will receive exclusive texts, which will be concluded in time. You will receive exceptional texts, that'll be concluded in time. You will probably acquire distinctive texts, which has the ability to be concluded in time. The 5-Minute Rule for Art History Extended Essay Topics Really, you are going to be abl e to coordinate employing the author on line and go over your assignments. Essentially, you will figure out how to coordinate while using the author on line and go over your assignments. In reality, you're likely to be capable of coordinate along with the author on line and speak about your assignments. In truth, it is possible to satisfy with all the author on line and concentrate on your research. Things You Won't Like About Art History Extended Essay Topics and Things You Will For instance, if you want for merely a 10-page essay, you're likely to truly will need to include just 5 web pages. Additionally, it is also going to provide knowledge based on various writing and research procedures. No one in the history of school has ever requested to compose a term paper but with preparation and a superb subject, you can produce the research fun and receive a fantastic grade. In an Applied Chemistry essay, students may use any preceding data as a key source but, it ought to be analysed personally and ought to be evaluated. Persuasive essay on why students ought to be allowed cell phones in elementary i want my children to have a mobile phone in school in the event of an. They really need to prepare just about every motion that choose and do not have free time for his or her personal lifetime. They really have to prepare just about every motion that consider and do not have free time for his or her non-public lifetime. They need to approach each individual motion that get and do not have free time for his or her personal lifetime. Irrespective of your want is very likely to be, it's surely apparent that you decide to need to have both help in assignment or assist with thesis. Basically, you are going to be able to coordinate with all the author on line and talk about your assignments. Art History Extended Essay Topics - the Conspiracy The majority of the folks have a tendency to run away from politics and thus the politics essays also, therefore it is quite important to grab the eye of the readers till the conclusion of the essay and that would be much difficult I know. Normally, it's really simple to locate fully free essay, but there exists an additional dilemma for receiving the essay, which you definitely need to have. Usually, it genuinely is extremely straightforward to discover wholly free essay, but there exists yet one more challenge to get the essay, which you genuinely will need to have. You may create the identical kind of essay regardless of what design the quetion will take. You only need to look closer to get some amazing art essay ideas. The exact same happens if we are looking for art essay ideas. Before writing your final essay, you will need to learn the principles of writing.

Tuesday, December 17, 2019

Bulimia Nervosa Is An Eating Disorder - 1420 Words

Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder that consists of the distortion on one’s body image and an obsessive desire to lose weight. It involves binge eating which is the rapid ingesting of large amounts of food, commonly followed by vomiting, fasting, or purging that is accompanied by depression. An individual with bulimia will attempt to avoid weight gain by vomiting or using laxatives, diuretics, or enemas. It is common to see a bulimic individual restrict their food intake or exercise excessively. The collective notion of a bulimic is that their self-worth and self-evaluation is strongly influenced by their weight or body shape. This disorder is not only mentally damaging but also takes a physical toll on the body. The physical†¦show more content†¦While only that 2.6% are actually diagnosed as bulimic, up to 10% of women display symptoms of bulimia but do not meet the criteria to be diagnosed. Apart from the common misconception that only women develop eating disord ers, it is reported that 10% of bulimics are males. I personally never gave any thought to males suffering from an eating disorder. I have always perceived that males with extra weight are more socially acceptable compared to women that carry extra weight, and that commonly men don’t view their image as defining to their value. An interesting fact that I did not know is that 50% of individuals with an eating disorder abuse drugs and alcohol. It’s not shocking to me that bulimics would abuse drugs and alcohol, not only because it can be used as an escape from the world and themselves, but also because numerous drugs and alcohol effect appetite, usually in a negative way, aiding to weight loss. This disorder really is a never ending cycle. First the body distortion image develops, then the binge eating occurs, followed by guilt that leads to purging, vomiting, etc., which turns into depression that is commonly coped with through drugs, alcohol, or food, which in turn starts the cycle over again. Like most disorders, having a good family and friend support group is important to overcoming or coping with bulimia. This became evident in this case study based off the fact that Amber felt unable to communicate

Monday, December 9, 2019

Awareness of Social Media-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignment

Question: Examine a social awareness or social/political campaign that began on social media and whether it made it to mainstream news outlets or not. Why did it gain popularity on mainstream channels? Or why not? Answer: Egyptian Revolution The Egyptian Revolution commenced on social media to opposed the police brutality following the cruel death of Khaled Said at the hands of police officers. Khalid was merely 28 years and a computer engineering student. He was beaten to death by police officers who entered an internet caf, supposedly for uploading a video on the internet. The revolution was successful as it managed to topple President Hosni Mubarak (Osman, 2012). However, it never gained popularity in the mainstream media. This is because both state and private media fought the social media. The revolution failed to make it to the authoritarian mainstream news outlets. The state was controlling the mainstream media in their best interest. Social Media and Speaking against Governments Social media played a central role in the Egyptian January 25th revolution by providing a new avenue for critical views expression, challenging established media organization, and organizing people against the government. The commonplaceness of how the protest begins was swiftly made known to individual crossways Egypt and the globe at large via media and also via networking of social media. This was a tangible influence on Twitter and Facebook, instead of organizational role. It allowed them stress that revolution and demonstration were done by conventional folks, elucidating the course. For example, Asma Mahfouz posted a video on Facebook seven days ahead of the 25th January protest. She urged people to participate in the 25th demonstration. This video went viral while its strongest aspect was that Asma was never afraid to showcase her face and even identify herself. The courage of Asmas act as she spoke out with force despite being a woman, motivated several others to begin posting their pictures online. Many joined the uprising merely because of these posts on social media. Social media was also useful during the 25th January that coincided with Egypts National Police Day. Massive protests exploded in Suez. Cairo, and Alexandrias streets because of social media mobilization. The primary rationale for the protests was the unwarranted police force brutality, notably, in Khaleds case. Protesters requested for the resignation of Police Minister, fair minimum wage re-establishment, emergency law abolishment, alongside mandating limitations for President (Wedemen, 2010). Social media was valid because protesters planned the first protest of January 25th via online communication, especially We Are All Khaled Facebook page and Twitter accounts. The primary aim of these posts was to surge the protesters' number as numbers in the cities as much as feasible, particularly, mobilizing citizens on more impoverished regions deprived of internet and PC and bar police cordons (Nunns, Idle Soueif, 2011). The police officers stood aware of the planned protests, but only anticipated less number of demonstrators as occurred in previous demonstrations six years ago. Nevertheless, the police officers were stunned after seeing a large number of activists gathered in Tahiri Square (El-Bendary, 2013). This scenario shows the influence of social media and internet use in Egypt resulting in extensive digital connectivity. Social Media and Passing Messages The social media has empowered everyday people to get their message across and write perceived wrongs. In Egypt, social networks like Facebook, YouTube, and Twitter stood as the primary actors in the provision of communication between the activists and protesters. Both social medias role alongside use in Egyptian Revolution has gained a considerate amount of interest globally (Osman, 2013). It enabled the conveyance of main motive that triggered the enormous Egyptian outrage then which was mainly the brutality of police thereby leading to Khaled Said. The video showed police officers sharing the drugs they had seized. Social media was used to have the photo of Khaleds body in mortuary snapped by his brother using a cellphone go viral on social media causing a considerable uproar in public opinion. According to HRW, the picture circulated on the internet, showcased a splintered skull, broken nose, displaced jaw, alongside many other signs of trauma (Castells, 2009). It was at this point that the outrage and shock of Khaleds cruel death triggered the establishment of We Are All Khaled Said, Facebook page to convey the messages to the public (Bbc.co.uk, 2011). This page became dominant in the future demonstrations organization in the year 2011. Such a page instantly congregated more than four-sixty thousand users that blew out around internet. The Khaleds image of mutilated body alongside YouTube video that contrasted Khaleds healthy life images. We Are All Khaled Said established an event on Facebook the date the then Tunisian president, Albidines administration was overthrown. It declared revolution in Egypt. About five-hundred thousand members stood invited in Facebook only, to the January 25 demonstration, and would hint attendance by clicking No, Yes or Maybe. References Bbc.co.uk, (2011).BBC World Service - Programmes - Egypt: "We are all Khaled Said". Castells, M. (2009).Communication power. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. El-Bendary, M. (2013).The Egyptian Revolution. Nunns, A., Idle, N. Soueif, A. (2011).Tweets from Tahrir. New York: OR Books. Osman, T. (2012).The Fall of Hosni Mubarak. [Online] Aucegypt.edu. Osman, T. (2013).from Nasser to the Muslim Brotherhood. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press. Wedemen, B. (2010).Demonstrators in Egypt rail against brutality, man's death - CNN.co

Sunday, December 1, 2019

Let the Punishment Fit the Crime free essay sample

Justice should mean helping victims as well as punishing offenders. This story and our criminal justice system ignore the problem of restoring fairness for victim as a principle of justice. We set two primary foals for our criminal penalties. We want them to deter crime and we want them to rehabilitate criminals. In theory, these two goals should go together, since they amount to saying that we want to keep crime from happening in the first place, through deterrence, and to keep crime from happening again, through rehabilitation. In practice, these two goals seem incompatible, since the harsh penalties that might work as deterrents offer little hope for rehabilitation, while the supportive treatments that might work as rehabilitation seem inadequate as deterrents. Curiously, however, neither deterring crime nor rehabilitating offenders is a principle of justice. Our sense of justice requires that penalties be proportionate to their crimes. Suppose we took restoring fairness as the first principle of our criminal justice system, instead of either deterrence or rehabilitation. We will write a custom essay sample on Let the Punishment Fit the Crime or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page What would such a system look like? Simply put, offenders would be given sentences whose purpose, in the end, was to restore both the loss that the victims had suffered and the loss that society suffered through its investment in preventing, detecting, and punishing crimes. Where possible, this could involve labour directly related to recovering property, repairing damage, or making streets safer. More generally, it might involve contributing earnings from specified tasks to a general fund whose purpose was to compensate victims. In informal systems, where victims and offenders are known to one another, restoring fairness is the common penalty that satisfies all concerned and preserves the social bond. It is typical of penalties that are meted out in healthy families. Restitution as a principle of justice appeals to both liberals and conservatives. Liberals like the idea that the penalty involves something more meaningful than just going to prison. Conservatives like the idea that the penalty involves holding offenders responsible for their actions and making them pay for their crimes. It appeals to people on moral and emotional grounds. It appeals to people on practical grounds, in that it offers some hope of helping both the victims and the offenders, as well as society. Restitution can work in the service of both deterrence and rehabilitation. The cost of making restitution should substantially outweigh the potential gain of the crime, since both the victim’s pain and suffering and society’s costs of enforcement may be included. At the same time, the act of making restitution should serve to restore not only the offender’s sense of himself or herself as a worthwhile member of society, bur, even more crucial, society’s sense of the offender as will, in a way that punishment alone could never do. The penalty can and should involve real cost for the offender, but the novel and critical feature is that it should also involve creating something of value in both society’s eyes and the offender’s own eyes. The idea of compensating victims can be distinguished from the idea of restitution by offenders. There are many crimes with victims needing help where offenders are unknown. Even if an offender is caught and convicted, restitution at best takes time, while the victim’s needs are immediate. The solution is to use state funds to compensate victims, while offenders either replenish these funds or provide other services. To be successful, the principle of restitution must be implemented in a way that is not seen as exploitation of offenders in the service of existing class interests. Most offenders are poor, and many victims are rich. It is doubtful that making restitution to a corporation such as an insurance company will have much meaning for people who do not see the corporation as a victim in the first place. It is certain that chain gangs and corrective labour camps do not supply work form which either victims or offenders derive any sense of meaningful restitution. They are merely punishment and should be plainly so named. Restitution that is psychologically valuable will have visible and tangible effects that can be seen by victims, offenders, and society. Although not widely known, laws for victim compensation have been enacted in a number of countries (including England and New Zealand) and a growing number of stats (including New York and California), while experimental programs for offender restitution are under way in Georgia, Iowa, and Minnesota. Preliminary results are encouraging, but they represent only a beginning. Much remains to be learned about tailoring sentences to both society’s needs and offenders’ capacities, and we have yet to work out how to allow prisoners to work without threatening jobs for anyone outside prison. These are reasonable tasks for social science and social policy. It is unreasonable to leave the field of criminal justice to the bankrupt debate between deterrence and rehabilitation.

Tuesday, November 26, 2019

Fun Science Facts You Need to Know

Fun Science Facts You Need to Know Amaze yourself and your friends with these science facts! This is a collection of fun and interesting science facts. When you crack a whip, it makes a sharp sound because the tip of the whip is traveling faster than the speed of sound. It is a sort of mini sonic boom!You could theoretically lose weight eating celery since it takes more calories to digest celery than are contained in the vegetable. Shark teeth are as hard as steel.The only letter not used in the periodic table is J.Lobsters have blue blood.Sound travels about four times faster in water than in air.2 and 5 are the only prime numbers that end in 2 or 5.Women blink nearly twice as often as men.The billionth digit of pi is 9. (Source: Ben Peoples)On average, it takes a person 7 minutes to fall asleep.The peanut is a member of the bean or legume family and not a nut.The prefix numbus in a cloud name means the cloud produces precipitation.Anemometers measure wind speed.The only two planets in our solar system that do not have moons are Mercury and Venus.Bronze is an alloy of copper and tin.Oxygen is the most common element in the Earths c rust.

Saturday, November 23, 2019

Conjugation of Creer

Conjugation of Creer Creer, an everyday verb usually meaning to believe, is irregularly conjugated in terms of spelling but not pronunciation. The -i- in the conjugation ending is either accented or changed to -y- as needed to avoid diphthongs or an awkward -eie- combination. Common verbs that follow the same conjugation pattern are leer (to read), poseer (to possess) and proveer (to provide). Uncommon verbs with the same conjugation include descreer (to disbelieve), desposeer (to dispossess) and releer (to reread). Note that proveer has an alternative past participle, provisto, in addition to proveà ­do. Poseer also has an alternative past participle, poseso, in addition to poseà ­do. Irregular forms are shown below in boldface. Translations are given as a guide and in real life may vary with context. Infinitive of Creer creer (to believe) Gerund of Creer creyendo (believing) Participle of Creer creà ­do (believed) Present Indicative of Creer yo creo, tà º crees, usted/à ©l/ella cree, nosotros/as creemos, vosotros/as creà ©is, ustedes/ellos/ellas creen (I believe, you believe, he believes, etc.) Preterite of Creer yo creà ­, tà ºÃ‚  creà ­ste, usted/à ©l/ella creyà ³, nosotros/as creà ­mos, vosotros/as creà ­steis, ustedes/ellos/ellas creyeron (I believed, you believed, she believed, etc.) Imperfect Indicative of Creer yo creà ­a, tà º creà ­as, usted/à ©l/ella creà ­a, nosotros/as creà ­amos, vosotros/as creà ­ais, ustedes/ellos/ellas creà ­an (I used to believe, you used to believe, he used to believe, etc.) Future Indicative of Creer yo creerà ©, tà º creers, usted/à ©l/ella creer, nosotros/as creeremos, vosotros/as creerà ©is, ustedes/ellos/ellas creern (I will believe, you will believe, he will believe, etc.) Conditional of Creer yo creerà ­a, tà º creerà ­as, usted/à ©l/ella creerà ­a, nosotros/as creerà ­amos, vosotros/as creerà ­ais, ustedes/ellos/ellas creerà ­an (I would believe, you would believe, she would believe, etc.) Present Subjunctive of Creer que yo crea, que tà º creas, que usted/à ©l/ella crea, que nosotros/as creamos, que vosotros/as creis, que ustedes/ellos/ellas crean (that I believe, that you believe, that she believe, etc.) Imperfect Subjunctive of Creer que yo creyera (creyese), que tà º creyeras (creyeses), que usted/à ©l/ella creyera (creyese), que nosotros/as creyà ©ramos (creyà ©semos), que vosotros/as creyerais (creyeseis), que ustedes/ellos/ellas creyeran (creyesen) (that I believe, that you believe, that he believe, etc.) Imperative of Creer cree (tà º), no creas (tà º), crea (usted), creamos (nosotros/as), creed (vosotros/as), no creis (vosotros/as), crean (ustedes) (believe, dont believe, believe, lets believe, etc.) Compound Tenses of Creer The perfect tenses are made by using the appropriate form of haber and the past participle, creà ­do. The progressive tenses use estar with the gerund, creyendo. Sample Sentences Showing Conjugation of Creer and Similar Verbs No puedo creer que lo hayamos hecho. (I cant believe we did it. Infinitive.) He leà ­do todos sus artà ­culos. (I have read all of her articles. Present perfect.) Posees muchos talentos pero no eres lo suficientemente tenaz para explotarlos. (You have many talents, but you arent perseverant enough to take advantage of them. Present indicative.) Los escritores proveyeron muchas clarificaciones como esa. (The writers provided many clarifications like that one. Preterite.) Creà ­an que era un perro perdido pero la realidad era muy diferente. (They believed he was a lost dog, but the reality was much different. Imperfect.) Lo creerà © cuando lo vea. (Ill believe it when I see it. Future.) La abogada leerà ­a los contratos buscando una clusula de revocacià ³n. (The lawyer would read the contracts looking for a revocation clause. Conditional.) La felicidad no se encuentran en los bienes que poseamos. (Happiness isnt found in the goods we possess. Present subjunctive.) Era una manera para que proveyeran para sus familias de una manera digna. (It was one way for them provide for their families in a dignified manner. Imperfect subjunctive.)  ¡Lee este libro! (Read this book! Imperative.)

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Legal Advice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Legal Advice - Essay Example Publix Super Markets Inc. is currently the largest supermarket chain in the U.S owned by employees. The supermarkets chain processes its own dairy, deli and bakery products and distributes them for all its stores. Company sales recorded in the year 2010 were over $ 25.1 billion. The company has been in fortune’s top 100 best companies to work for in the last fourteen years consecutively ( Kubiak, 2010). The company’s product lines include grocery, health and beauty care, pharmacy, general merchandise, floral and services. The products are sold through the retail chains or online. Services offered include: gift cards, photo processing services, prescription refills and financial services. Over the last few years, the company has responded to the cultural trends in the grocery markets by coming up with organic foods; natural foods, prepared meals and ethnic foods. It is for this reason that Publix has been successful in the grocery industry and managed to open new stores in several states across USA. In order to cater for the demand of its markets, Publix has created a new concept for its different clientele. This includes Greenwise and Publix Sabor. Green wise stocks organic produce and natural foods while Publix Sabor caters for the Latin American population in south and central Florida. The company has recently ventured into restaurants business through its subsidiary (the crispers) which sells fresh salad and sandwich meal concept restaurant (Korolo, 2011). Among the Major initiatives planned by Publix supermarkets chain in the coming years is the improvement of the Fishery Improvements Projects, a project carried out in conjunction with Darden restaurants and Public Fisheries Partnership. The project would be carried around the Gulf of Mexico. The initiative involves addressing challenges facing the environment and Publix is committed to combating illegal fishing, enhancing productivity and reducing negative impacts of the environment. The plan aims at building partnerships with the government, conservation and communities to develop and implement the fishery improvement. In return this would rescue the declining numbers and lead to increased fish supply. This is a seafood sustainability effort. The organization chose to partner with organizations that share the same vision to improve fisheries and move seafood sustainability to the next level. This initiative came at a time when the food agricultural organization raised an alarm that the world’s fish stocks were getting depleted due to over exploitation (Korolo, 2011). Publix Supermarkets Inc. aims to increase its markets share by venturing into new areas within the next five years. Among the places that Publix plans to set up shop is the Longboat Key. The company plans to redevelop the withered avenue of the flowers shopping center, at longboat Key. The company also plans to establish a retail center at Knoxville, Tenn. Expansion to these new locations is aimed a t providing customers with unique shopping experiences that lead to consumer satisfaction. The center in Knoxville could be open as early as the third quarter of 2012. Among the products on offer will be organic products in addition to the traditional store products and will feature products from the bakery department, deli department, meat department and public pharmacy ( Kubiak, 2010). Elements of administrative law relevant to the upcoming initiative and their impact In long boat key, the new retail chain has to be approved by the

Tuesday, November 19, 2019

AUDIT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

AUDIT - Essay Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 The Advantages and Disadvantages of an External Audit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Description of Risk-Based Auditing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 The Identified Business Risks at Lordbury Playhouse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 The Role of the External Auditor in the Detection of Fraud at Lordbury Playhouse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Bibliography 1. Introduction This refers to your letter dated May 3, 2011 regarding the completed year-end audit of the Spectrum Theater Group Ltd. I have endeavored to give an explanation of the reasons for the huge amount charged for said audit. 2. Legal Requirements to have or not to have an External Audit There are legal mandates in UK for the con duct of external audit in an organization such as the Spectrum Theater Group Ltd. Under the Companies Act of 1985 , auditors are required to audit the annual financial statements of the organization and to submit a corresponding report to management if said report meets the requirements of said Act. The auditors shall also include in their report their findings regarding the accounting records of the organization if properly maintained. ... in accordance with the Combined Code on Corporate Governance effective November 1, 2003, we are also required to review compliance of the organization with the Listing Rules of the said code and to report findings accordingly. 3. The Advantages and Disadvantages of an External Audit An external audit aims to review the company’s financial statements and internal controls for the auditor to give an opinion as to whether the said financial statements are fairly presented. The auditor can also comment on the weaknesses of financial controls and records he finds in the audit. While recognizing the valid purpose of an audit, it has some advantages and disadvantages. Advantages Findings of the auditor regarding financial controls and operational weaknesses or inadequacies can be immediately corrected/improved/enhanced by management; Assurance for management and board of directors that accounting controls and processes used are in place and effective. Accurate financial statement is basis for proper tax filings of the organization , thus penalties and interests can be prevented ; The company’s image or status is improved/enhanced resulting to greater opportunities for projects by in-coming investors and trust by regulatory agencies and the public. Disadvantages The expenses incurred to pay the auditor and the cost of documentation shall involve a huge amount. The agency can rely on their internal auditors to conduct the investigation. External auditor gains access to confidential records. Duplication of efforts of internal auditors and external auditors conducting the audit procedures at the same time, same period for the same purpose. 4. Description of Risk-based Auditing Risk-based audit focuses on risks assessment and prioritization of risks rather than giving

Sunday, November 17, 2019

Comparison Of Hobbes’ And Locke’s Political Philosophies Essay Example for Free

Comparison Of Hobbes’ And Locke’s Political Philosophies Essay Thomas Hobbes and John Locke are both contemporary philosophers who were made famous for their political philosophies especially on areas of government and the community. Although Hobbes was born forty one years ahead of Locke, both have agreed on certain ideas but remained in contrast with others. In this paper we will try to compare the main philosophies held by Hobbes and Locke, focusing on their opinions on government, community, leadership and the concept of social contract or covenant. This paper will also attempt to align the said philosophies in contemporary events particularly in the American life after September 11 attack. At the end of this paper, this author aims to establish the fact that Locke’s political philosophies are more practical, consistent and acceptable over that of Hobbes. Hobbes and Locke are particularly interested in human beings and how they interact with the world. Both believing in the existence of God, they both insist that human beings need a leader- a feature of human community that is a vital element of their survival. 1â€Å"Without a leader, the country would fall away into nothing†. They however differ on the type of leader that a community should have in order to survive. For Hobbes, there’s only one man that should rule or govern the people, and that is a king (Hobbes, Thomas 1994, p. 83). Hobbes maintains that it is only this king who should be given the authority and the responsibility to write laws, make decision and consequently of controlling the people. In order for people to survive, people are therefore compelled to obey the commands of the ruler, both in religious and government matters. Locke however believes the other way around. For John Locke, it is rather the people who should run the government and not the king. Consequently, Locke points to the idea that the responsibility of uniting and taking care of the needs of the whole community lies in the hands of the people and not on the sole control of one person. Unlike Hobbes, Locke somehow points to a democratic form of government wherein the people are given the right to participate in all affairs of the government including the responsibility of deciding what is best for the general public. Locke also suggests that the people should rather have to decide on who they wanted to rule over them. Moreover, since the power lies on the people, they have the right to overthrow a wicked ruler in the same way as they have decided to have him seated in the position (Locke, John 1997, p. 22). Because Hobbes maintains authoritarian form of government, he insists that 1â€Å"society could not exist except by the power of the state†. This is directly contrary to Locke’s view that man is inherently a social being and thus has the need and the ability to interact with others. Hobbes idea then simply would suggest that man is necessarily a creature that cannot decide for him nor does he has the ability to discern what is good and what is evil because he needs a ruler in order to establish a society. Moreover the statement suggests that man has to submit to an authority and after which all individual rights are gone and so man is compelled to obey. It is also important to note that Hobbes, in this aspect believes that man does not have the right to rebel against the ruler since the latter is assumed to be someone who does all things good and lawful. For Hobbes, the right thing for man to do is to shut up and obey and once this is done, anyone does not have the right to kill the obedient one. Because the state is the supreme ruler in the society, the ruler then is assumed to be wise enough to the point that all his affairs, his views and decisions are deemed just. Hobbes also assumes that 1â€Å"all of society is a direct creation of the state and a reflection of the will of the ruler†. Locke however has a better and more practical idea that is obviously been the basis of most governments, especially those that employ the democratic form of government. On the concept of social contract, Locke believes that by giving up our rights to â€Å"exact retribution for crimes†, we are in return given the right to just, impartial protection of our properties and out lives (Harris, Ian 1994). Relative to this, man still retain his rights to life and liberty. The state, according to Locke has only one role, and that is 1â€Å"to ensure that justice is seen to be done†. The ruler therefore is necessarily not the sole decision maker in the society, rather he is just an instrument appointed by the general public to serve justice and maintain peace. The government therefore, as peacemakers should not be involved in any form of injustice or any act that may disturb peace in the society. Otherwise, Locke believes that the people are given the right to kill or overthrow the ruler. Although Hobbes is in favor of the unlimited power of the state, he justified his point well by stating that the purpose of such unlimited power is to end all conflict and contention. Because he regarded people as creatures who are incapable of knowing what is good and evil, Hobbes believes that people have the tendency to freely live a material life which would result into conflict. Thus the avoid this, the state is given the sole and unlimited power over them. 1Both Hobbes and Locke believe that there is an implied contract between the state and the people as soon as a ruler is being placed in power. The difference however is that Locke regard that contract as something that impliedly sets the ruler as a judge over the affairs of the people while Hobbes set that contract as something that sets the ruler as a master of the people. Hobbes points out â€Å"all contracts are binding, even if entered into from fear of violence or pain of death† (Hobbes, 1994 p. 86). Hobbes does maintains that man does not have the ability to recognize good from evil because he believes that good and evil are established and defined by the will of the state (Hobbes, 1994 p. 28). This means that good and evil exist only because something or things are defined as such by the ruler. Hobbes then points to the idea that there exist no definite standard or basis for man to know what is the right thing to do and what is wrong. As with the idea of property and its ownership, Hobbes believes that the state is the one defining the property of somebody. Because man cannot discern good from evil, human beings without the state or the ruler cannot live in peace. Hobbes further assumes that peace can only exist and reign in a society when its people subject themselves to one absolute and common master. From here Hobbes might be suggesting that it is impossible for the world to experience peace since the world does have different rulers. On the other hand, Locke believes that humans inherently has the capacity to discern what is good from evil and are therefore capable of knowing what is lawful and what is not. â€Å"Most importantly, they are capable of telling the difference between what is theirs and what belongs to someone else† (Locke, John 2002, p. 87). Locke however recognizes the fact that despite this inherent capacity and ability, humans act the other way around. In Locke’s view, the only norm should be peace and nothing else (Cox, R. H. 1960, p. 32). Unlike Hobbes, Locke believes that man has the capacity to live in peace by refraining from hurting other and from molesting or invading their properties. Since man has the inherent capacity to discern what is good from evil, it not therefore impossible for the world to achieve peace even with the existence of different rulers. All rulers of different countries in the world are human beings who are supposed to be mature and wise enough to know what is best for their people. Because most of these rulers are elected by the people, then it is likely that it is the general preference of the people that dominates the government affairs. I also agree with Locke that when the ruler placed by the people on the seat of power abused his political powers, then the people have all the right to overthrow him and replace with somebody deserving. In the contemporary world, Hobbes and Locke’s political theories can still be relevant especially that these have, in bulk, something to do with rights and liberties of the people and the role of the government on managing the lives of its people. After the September 11 attack, the American government has been very vigilant and has somehow gone beyond the normal process of ensuring the security of the Americans. Such security measures are so rigid and strict to the point that the freedom-loving Americans thought there are losing much of their liberties. The government in defense ensures the public that such implementation of security measures plainly for national security. As for me, such measures are preferred because my security, that of my family and all Americans is of higher importance than my liberties. Let us remember that the role of the state is to ensure that justice is being served at all times, as Locke maintains. Part of serving justice is for the state to implement measures that see to it that nobody in its jurisdiction is being oppressed or hurt. To set up surveillance cameras, place military men in public places, have everyone’s baggage inspected in airports, hotels or malls are part of security measures and I do not see anything that suggests these things to be invading anyone’s liberties. Besides what is liberty if we will all die under crumbles of another attack? The President has been elected by the people and it is assumed that his rule has the consent of the majority. The American people are wise enough to discern who the best person at the Presidential seat is. By casting our votes, we are entrusting our security and the general condition of the American people in the hands on the person we voted upon. To entrust our security to the elected President does not mean we are being robots who have nothing more to do but to shut up and obey as what Hobbes suggest. To have security measures implemented in public places does not at all violate our liberties and thus we do not need to regain them. I believe that the American government still acts within the limits of justice and that I still regard all measures to be actions wherein human security rather than vengeance is of higher priority. I believe that the American government has not yet failed with its task of protecting its people so we as citizens do not have yet the right to rebel or withdraw our support. Let us remember that failure to take its primary responsibility is the only requisite Locke has provided in order for the people to have reasons to rebel. We still have our full liberties with us and security measures are implemented in order to regain one thing we have lost in the 911 attack: justice. BIBLIOGRAPHY Cox, R. H. Locke on War and Peace. OUP: Oxford, 1960. Harris, Ian. The Mind of John Locke. CUP: Cambridge, 1994. An excellent contextual analysis of the political and religious mindset of Locke’s Britain. Hobbes, Thomas. The Leviathan. Ed. Edwin Curley. Indianapolis: Hacket. 1994. Locke, John. â€Å"Essay on the Law of Nature. † In Political Writings. Cambridge Texts in the History of Political Thought. Ed. Mark Goldie. CUP: Cambridge, 2002. 1Locke versus Hobbes. 24 November 2007. http://www. jim. com/hobbes. htm Locke, John. Two Treatises of Government. Cambridge Texts in the History of Political Thought. Ed. Peter Laslett. CUP: Cambridge, 1997. Locke, John. â€Å"Two Tracts on Government. † In Political Writings. Cambridge Texts in the History of Political Thought. Ed. Mark Goldie. CUP: Cambridge, 2002.

Thursday, November 14, 2019

Free Essay: Tim OBriens Things They Carried :: Things They Carried Essays

The Things They Carried Vietnam War was one of the hardest wars ever fought. There are several reasons for this statement. It was basically impossible to conquer the territory because there were no boundaries. The soldiers had to put up with the climate, land, diseases and most importantly themselves. This essay is about yet another reason: the relationship between the soldiers and the officers. It is very reasonable to say that American soldiers entering the Vietnam were not disciplined enough. The average age of a soldier in Vietnam was eighteen. Nobody found it necessary to train these kids to handle all the problems they run into. The service ruined their late childhood and they had to grow up early! If anything went wrong, they would simply blame the officer in charge. Tim O'Brien illustrated this nicely in his story In The Field. Lieutenant Jimmy Cross felt guilty for Kiowa's death. He blamed himself for not thinking about his troops even though he did what he was supposed to do. Couple of soldiers were pissed off about Kiowa's death. They blamed it all on Lieutenant even though they knew it was not his fault. Then they let their emotions out and the situation turned to be out of control. O'Brien describes it syntactically. He is trying to persuade us that all the soldiers knew Jimmy was not guilty, but some soldiers just had to blam e it on somebody. " 'Some lieutenant,' Sanders said. 'Camps us in a toilet. Man don't know shit.' 'Nobody knew,' Bowker said. 'Maybe so, maybe not. Ten billion places we could've set up last night, the man picks a latrine.' ...'It wasn't the LT's fault,' Bowker said quietly. 'Whose then?' 'Nobody's. Nobody knew till afterward.' " (180). This entire incident was by far the toughest on Jimmy Cross. He had to deal with himself and his corrupt soldiers. He was emotionally shook up with Kiowa's death and he did not appreciate Mitchell's reaction. Accidents like this one lead to a distant relationship between the officer and the soldiers. Soldiers usually protest and officers have to punish them. This of course leads to more violence and some of the outcomes can be deadly.

Tuesday, November 12, 2019

Premier Furniture

Premier Furniture Company It was mid-Aprll. and Richard Zimmerman, credit analyst for the Premier Furniture Company, was completing his first round of credit reviews for 1984. Two of his accounts†Deslgners, Inc. of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and Walcott Department Stores of Hartford, Connecticut†had moved well beyond the credit limits set by Premier. It was Zimmerman's Job to determine the appropriate corrective steps. After his third look at the customer file for Designers, Inc. Zimmerman was still undecided. He had evaluated the account as â€Å"satisfactory† In his annual review in early 1983, but his reservations at that time were not lessened by the performance in fiscal 1984. It was evident that the substantial sales to Designers in the last three months did not necessarily signal an Improved relationship. Zimmerman was also troubled by the most recent numbers of Walcott Department Stores. Walcott had been a reliable account since 1951 but had posted a large o perating loss in fiscal 1984.His review was further complicated by the tact that the owners had recently opened stores in Worcester and Springfield, Massachusetts. Although Walcott's future obviously depended on how the branch stores fared, Zimmerman had no reason to assume their success or failure. 4h*fi, Designers (ffL+Uee, , FM-x-r eve, It was obvious to Zimmerman that the Designers and Walcott accounts invited a raised eyebrow, but given Premier's credit policy the numbers came as no surprise. quality home furniture for distribution to dealer cooperatives, independent home furnishing retailers, and regional furniture chains.The company advertised its lines nationally and attempted to maintain intensive coverage of trading areas by istributing through stores strategically located with a particular marketing area. Beginning in 1975, however, Premier found that product quality and service no longer assured success in the broad range of outlets the company had cultivated. Credit ter ms and financing of dealers became a critical marketing tool, and in the words of credit manager Karl Freund, â€Å"Premier soon found itself backed into the position of supporting numerous customers in order to maintain adequate distribution for its products. Unfortunately, Premier's heavy financing of dealers coincided with a national credit squeeze and higher interest rates on borrowed money. tg ¦, Zimmerman was also aware that many of Premier's customers had waited out more than seven years of a relatively soft market only to suffer a noticeable decline in sales in the late summerand early fall of 1983. As in previous downturns, stores featuring lower-priced lines were hit first, followed by quality retailers at the end of the year.Although the decline in sales was not severe, the drop in volume and subsequent price cutting reduced the profit margins of some retailers enough to offset profits earned in the first half of 1983. As might be expected, the downturn in the market w as quickly passed on to manufacturers. Many of Premier's customers tightened their belts by reducing orders for new lines and reorders for established lines. They believed that the price cutting in the second half of 1983 had resulted in considerable overbuying by consumers, and they were therefore anticipating a downturn in sales.The dramatic drop in orders affected manufacturers across the country. Orders for shipment fell 10% from February to March, and then an additional 20% from March to April. E-fifi f&fllikh, lit, Alpha The Designers and Walcott files sat on his desk awaiting his decision, but Zimmerman was still mulling over the contradictions posed by the files. He knew, for instance, that Walcott enjoyed fairly steady sales throughout the year and that 50% were cash or charge sales. The remaining sales were installment purchases which called for 25% down and the balance in 6 monthly payments.Premier, on the other hand, supposedly sold on terms of 3% in 10 days, net in 60 d ays†and had established a $50,000 limit on Designers and a $75,000 limit on Walcott. In truth, Premier's terms had become negotiable. Zimmerman was also frustrated by the fact that Karl Freund expected to see a foot on the brake while the sales manager was pressuring him to ut both feet on the gas. Given his Job, Zimmerman believed that it was in the company's interest to know the difference between a good customer and a bad risk.But with the sales manager insisting that liberal financing was the only way to spark an upturn in orders, Zimmerman felt caught in an impossible position. The time had come to seek the advice of the company's credit manager. Five minutes after collecting the essential information from each file (see Exhibits 1 through 5), Zimmerman placed the folder in the hands of Karl Freund. f&RhF, 1511? ±0, , premier, â€Å"†fifi, Q, fi-nmew,?- ¦, fi-nmeilfr, A credit analyst for a furniture manufacturer is confronted with two customers who have exceed ed their credit limits.The financial performance of each has been weak, and one of the customers has a highly leveraged balance sheet. Industry conditions are weak; the manufacturer apparently has excess capacity; and the credit analyst is caught between the conflicting demands of the sales managers and the credit manager. The case provides an opportunity for ratio analysis. The Premier Furniture Company of Newfield, North Carolina, centers on manufacturing high-quality home furniture for distribution.By 1975, Premier found that product quality and service no longer assured success in the markets they were in; therefore, credit terms and financing of dealers became a critical marketing tool. Regrettably, Premier's weighty financing of dealers corresponded with a national credit squeeze and higher interest rates on borrowed money. In 1984, Richard Zimmerman, the credit analyst for the Premier Furniture Company, took over the task of assessing the financial health of Premier's custome rs. Two of their accounts, exceeded the credit limits previously set by Premier. Premier had to make a decision on Designers Inc. d Walcott†they needed to fgure out the difference between good customers and bad credit risk. premiefiwzb,

Sunday, November 10, 2019

Allen Ginsberg

His parents, Naomi and Louis Ginsberg, named him Irwin Allen at his birth in Newark, New Jersey, in 1926. Twenty-nine years later, in San Francisco in 1955—when he began to write Howl— he liked to think that he was in a cosmos of his own creation. In fact, he was still very much connected to his parents. Wasn't Naomi a madwoman, and wasn't Howl about madness? Didn't Louis write apocalyptic poetry, and wasn't Howl an apocalyptic poem, too? His parents haunted him in the months just before he wrote Howl—they appeared in his dreams, and he wrote about them in his journals and unpublished poems from that period.Moreover, they provided the germinating seeds for Howl— madness, nakedness, and secrecy. Few poets have quarreled with their parents as intensely as Ginsberg quarreled with his, and few young men have turned those quarrels into poems as remarkable as Howl and Kaddish. His quarrels were with himself as much as they were with Naomi and Louis, and in the q uarrels with himself he expanded the possibilities not only for himself, but for American poetry, as he pushed against the limits of literary caution and conservatism that characterized the times. If ever there was a poet in rebellion against his own parents it was Allen Ginsberg.And yet if ever there was a dutiful poet it was also Allen Ginsberg. The son carried on the family heritage even as he railed against it. For decades, Louis Ginsberg had been far more famous than Allen. The elder Ginsberg taught poetry at Rutgers and played a leading role in the prestigious, though stodgy, Poetry Society of America. He had two books of poems to his name, dozens of poems in anthologies, and publications in most of the leading literary magazines. Then, in 1956 and 1957, with the advent of Howl, attention suddenly shifted from father to son. Allen was the bright new star in the literary firmament.Never again would Louis outshine his son, though for a brief time in the late 1960s and early 1970 s, father and son shared the stage and gave poetry readings together from California to New Jersey. Other fathers might have bridled at a son who was more famous than they were, and other sons might have used their fame to berate their fathers and settle old scores. Allen's fame brought him closer to his father; now that he was famous he could pay homage to Louis and his work. In â€Å"To My Father in Poetry,† which he wrote in 1959, he acknowledged, at long last, his father's influence on his own work—something he had long ignored and long denied.He heard his father's voice in his own voice. Louis was delighted that his famous son respected him. The father-son love feast notwithstanding, they disagreed as strongly as ever about politics, poetry, sex, and the self. In â€Å"To Allen Ginsberg†Ã¢â‚¬â€one of his best poems—Louis compared his son to Theseus, the legendary Greek hero who slew the Minotaur, and expressed the hope that Allen would find his way through the labyrinth of his own self until he found his own genuine identity. Allen was well aware of his various selves, but unlike Louis, he felt that no single self was truer than another.They were all parts of himself and equally valid. What was essential, he argued, was to be detached, to remain in flux and never become fixed to any one identity. (Morgan, Bill 4-10) Surely, fame would have taken a far greater toll had he not understood that â€Å"Allen Ginsberg† was a fiction. His ability to remain detached from any one fixed identity had helped to make Howl an extraordinary poem. In Howl, he was the paragon of the protean poet. In the moment of creation, he was everyone and he was everywhere, from Alcatraz to Madison Avenue.He was himself, and he was also almost everyone else in the poem. He could become one with the angel headed hipsters and with the Adonis of Denver. He was Moloch and he was Carl Solomon, too. His ability to remain detached from â€Å"Allen Ginsberg † enabled him, in large part, to go on writing extraordinary poems in the wake of Howl—overtly political poems as well as deeply personal poems—including â€Å"Death to Van Gogh's Ear! † â€Å"At Apollinaire's Grave, † and, of course, Kaddish, which he started in 1956 and continued to work on in Paris and in New York in 1957 and 1958.Living in Europe deepened his vision of both Europe and America and helped him understand the experience of a generation of European immigrants like his mother who were born in the Old World and came to the New World. Now he could imagine what it must have been like for Naomi Levy to leave Russia, travel across the Atlantic, and arrive in New York, the strangest of cities. He could transcend his own resentment and anger and see his mother as a beautiful woman in her own right. And he could put himself on the sidelines and put his mother at the center of his poem.In Allen's view, the White House and the Pentagon tolerate d mad dictatorial developments everywhere on the face of the earth. Of course, he disapproved of Soviet-style mind control and brainwashing, and he rejected official Communist Party ideas about literature and the arts, and about the obligation of the artist to serve the needs of the people. He would never write for the Communist Party or for the people, he proclaimed. No matter what country he lived in, he would always write for himself or he would write for no one.The Soviet Communist Party had driven Mayakovsky into madness and suicide. It surely would drive him mad, too. Meanwhile, America was driving him mad. The function of television, he insisted, was to control people, and he denounced it at every opportunity. By 1961 he would write about the deadliness of TV in Television Was a Baby Crawling toward That Death chamber, a long angry poem in which he proclaimed that he could never tell his own secrets on TV and that television kept vital information a secret from Americans.In t he late 1950s he argued that the USSR wasn't as evil as the talking heads on American television made it out to be. He was convinced that the USSR was a great nation, that Russian writers were as original and creative as writers anywhere, and that communism had tried & succeeded in improving material living conditions. He didn't want a communist society in the United States, but he wasn't opposed to communism in the Third World. He thought a great deal about America during his sojourn in Europe.He became increasingly anti-American, and yet there was something uniquely American about his anti-Americanism. In many ways he was the archetypal innocent abroad, the idealistic young man making the grand tour, the wide-eyed tourist who fell in love with almost everything about the Old World, and came to detest almost everything about the New World. Europe was a â€Å"great experience. Like hundreds if not thousands of Americans before him, he found Paris â€Å"beautiful† and he was tempted to â€Å"expatriate & settle down.† And, like so many other Americans, he loved the Latin Quarter and the little cafes where the existentialists smoked, drank, and talked, and where you might catch a glimpse of Jean Paul Sartre, if you were lucky. Europeans were genuine intellectuals, he decided. They cared about ideas, he insisted, whereas making money was the American thing, and there were no moral standards. Even New York, the most European of American cities, paled by comparison with Paris, Rome, and Florence. From the vantage point of Europe, New York looked hard, closed, commercial, and ingrown.Europeans were less materialistic than Americans, he thought, and less racist, too. â€Å"Europeans have more better personal relations with Negroes than Americans have, † he concluded. In Holland, â€Å"big black nigger looking spades† dated â€Å"nice white girls, † he noted, and no one paid any attention. Yes, he was still using racist language, st ill trying to shock his father, and he would go on using racist language for some time to come. Even as late as 1966, in the midst of the civil rights movement, he would use racial epithets in Wichita Vortex Sutra. No one challenged him, or scolded him.(Rothschild, Matthew 34-35) By the mid-1960s he was largely beyond reproach. In 1967, for example, when he read in London, the British poet Ted Hughes described him as the prophet of a spiritual revolution, and one of the most important men of the twentieth century. From Hughes's point of view, Howl was the single work that began a global revolution in poetical form and content. It had, indeed, broken all sorts of verbal barriers, and Ginsberg went on breaking them when he described himself as â€Å"queer† or wrote about his own body and his bodily functions, or used words like niggers† and â€Å"spades.† In the late 1950s, the Europeans he met seemed less repressed than Americans about sex and race and about langu age, too. They were far more verbally liberated. About the only thing he didn't like in Europe was the Roman Catholic Church. At first he imagined that European Catholics belonged to a mystical secret society that provided a wonderful sense of community. Gradually, however, he changed his mind and came to feel that the Roman Catholic Church operated like the secret police in a totalitarian society, and that Rome was in the business of mind control and censorship.All those medieval cathedrals depressed him, while the Renaissance inspired him, especially the art of Michelangelo, which depicted â€Å"naked idealized realistic human bodies. † Europeans seemed more artistic and far more poetic than Americans—Americans hated poetry and poets, he insisted— and he pursued poets and the legacy of poetry, too. In Italy, he visited mad Shelley's grave, plucking a few tender leaves of clover and mailing them to Louis, who was delighted to receive them. There were visits to living poets, too, especially W.H. Auden, whom he had adored when he was an undergraduate at Columbia, and whom he had been trying to meet for years. He loved to be in the company of famous people, especially famous writers and musicians, and for years he would seek out celebrities, from Ezra Pound to Bob Dylan and the Beatles, though celebrities also sought him out. Now, with the fame that Howl had furnished, and with all the notoriety that the media provided, he could knock on doors and find himself ushered into tea or served a glass or two of wine.What he wanted was adulation and acceptance. (Pollin, Burton R. 535) When he died, Columbia College Today, the alumni magazine, published a cover story about him by the poet and critic David Lehman. Eventually Trilling changed his mind about Ginsberg's work and included two of his poems, â€Å"A Supermarket in California† and â€Å"To Aunt Rose,† in his comprehensive anthology The Experience of Literature, which was publis hed in 1967 and used widely as a textbook. Ever since Ginsberg wrote Howl in the mid-1950s, he had wanted to be included in the canon, and now he was.Of course, he was delighted that it was none other than Trilling who made a place for him. The inclusion and validation was exhilarating to Ginsberg. (Harris, Oliver 171) Bibliography †¢ Harris, Oliver. Article Title: Cold War Correspondents: Ginsberg, Kerouac, Cassady, and the Political Economy of Beat Letters. Journal Title: Twentieth Century Literature. Volume: 46. Issue: 2. Publication Year: 2000. Page Number: 171. †¢ Morgan, Bill. The Works of Allen Ginsberg, 1941-1994. Publisher: Greenwood Press. Place of Publication: Westport, CT. Publication Year: 1995. †¢ Morgan, Bill.The Response to Allen Ginsberg, 1926-1994: A Bibliography of Secondary Sources. Publisher: Greenwood Press. Place of Publication: Westport, CT. Publication Year: 1996. †¢ Pollin, Burton R. Article Title: Edgar Allan Poe as a Major Influence up on Allen Ginsberg. Journal Title: The Mississippi Quarterly. Volume: 52. Issue: 4. Publication Year: 1999. Page Number: 535. †¢ Rothschild, Matthew. Article Title: Allen Ginsberg: ‘I'm banned from the Main Marketplace of Ideas in My Own Country. Magazine Title: The Progressive. Volume: 58. Issue: 8. Publication Date: August 1994. Page Number: 34+.

Thursday, November 7, 2019

Free Essays on Immagration Issues And Its History

Immigration Issues and it’s History With immigration on the rise, steps need to be taken to prevent illegal immigration into the United States without hindering the immigration rights of legal immigrants. Since the early 1800’s until the present, immigration has been a hot political topic, today more than ever. There are many reasons why people immigrate into the United States. These may include, seeking better opportunities, education, religious freedom, or to escape government control through dictatorships. Even though there are numerous reasons, there are only two ways. These are legal and illegal. Since the early 1800‘s, there have been billions of immigrants entering the United States both legally and illegally. There have also been many laws, treaties, and amendments in order to control the influx of immigrants. Some of these include the Immigration Act of 1917, the Immigration Act of 1924, The Bracero Program of 1942-1964, Operation Wetback, The Oriental Exclusion Act, The McCarren Walter Act, and the Temporary Quota Law of 1921(Plesser 2-3,10-11,13,16,38-42,65). These are only a few of many of the attempts to control immigration. American Citizens, both legal immigrants and natural born citizens, have been and are suffering from the rise in the population of illegal immigrants. It has been estimated that almost 5.1 million (as of January of 1997) of all immigrants are illegal. However, only around half of these are granted amnesty or permanent legal residency. However, the growth is replaced each year with a higher yield of illegal immigrants (Estimate of...). One of the main concerns with illegal immigrants is the fact that the American citizen has to pick up the extra costs that occur from the illegal population of immigrants. Therefore, steps must be taken to prevent illegal immigration without hindering the immigration of legal immigrants. Since the founding of James Town in 1607, immigrants have been co... Free Essays on Immagration Issues And Its History Free Essays on Immagration Issues And Its History Immigration Issues and it’s History With immigration on the rise, steps need to be taken to prevent illegal immigration into the United States without hindering the immigration rights of legal immigrants. Since the early 1800’s until the present, immigration has been a hot political topic, today more than ever. There are many reasons why people immigrate into the United States. These may include, seeking better opportunities, education, religious freedom, or to escape government control through dictatorships. Even though there are numerous reasons, there are only two ways. These are legal and illegal. Since the early 1800‘s, there have been billions of immigrants entering the United States both legally and illegally. There have also been many laws, treaties, and amendments in order to control the influx of immigrants. Some of these include the Immigration Act of 1917, the Immigration Act of 1924, The Bracero Program of 1942-1964, Operation Wetback, The Oriental Exclusion Act, The McCarren Walter Act, and the Temporary Quota Law of 1921(Plesser 2-3,10-11,13,16,38-42,65). These are only a few of many of the attempts to control immigration. American Citizens, both legal immigrants and natural born citizens, have been and are suffering from the rise in the population of illegal immigrants. It has been estimated that almost 5.1 million (as of January of 1997) of all immigrants are illegal. However, only around half of these are granted amnesty or permanent legal residency. However, the growth is replaced each year with a higher yield of illegal immigrants (Estimate of...). One of the main concerns with illegal immigrants is the fact that the American citizen has to pick up the extra costs that occur from the illegal population of immigrants. Therefore, steps must be taken to prevent illegal immigration without hindering the immigration of legal immigrants. Since the founding of James Town in 1607, immigrants have been co...

Tuesday, November 5, 2019

How a Penny Can Make Wine Smell and Taste Better

How a Penny Can Make Wine Smell and Taste Better Before you throw out that bottle of funky-smelling wine, try a simple chemistry life hack to fix it. Its super easy and all you need is a penny! How to Fix Smelly Wine With a Penny First, find a penny. Clean it up by rinsing it off and polishing off any grime.Pour yourself a glass of wine.Drop in the clean penny and swirl it around in the glass.Remove the penny. You dont want to accidentally swallow it!Now, inhale the improved aroma and drink the wine.Drink more wine. Youre so clever, youve earned it. How the Penny Trick Works Wine can smell stinky because it contains sulfur compounds called thiols. A burnt rubber odor comes from a thiol called ethyl mercaptan. Eau de rotten eggs comes from hydrogen sulfide. If your wine smells like someone put out a match in it, thats from a thiol named methyl mercaptan. The thiols are in the wine as a natural consequence of  grape fermentation. During fermentation, the sugars from the fruit juice undergo reduction, which involves the loss of oxygen. In stale, old wine or some cheap wine, the process kicks into overdrive, resulting in so much thiol the wine becomes unpalatable. Heres where the penny comes to the rescue. While pennies are mostly zinc, the outer shell contains copper. The copper reacts with thiols to produce copper sulfide, which is odorless. Since the senses of smell and taste are connected, removing the stench dramatically improves both the aroma and perceived flavor of the wine. Save Your Wine With Silver Looking for a classier way to fix your wine? You can get the same deodorizing effect by stirring your wine with a silver spoon. If you dont have a silver spoon, try a sterling silver ring. Just remember to remove it before imbibing.

Sunday, November 3, 2019

Two kinds by amy tan summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Two kinds by amy tan summary - Essay Example The underlying benefits of these efforts are unclear but the show still goes on. A piano teacher is hired to train the little girl. A whole new direction is taken as more time is wasted. The girl fakes almost everything to do with the training, probably taking advantage of the deaf piano teacher. She is therefore seen making a fortune out of her mother’s blunder. What she does not know is the extent to which her mother is interested in her piano skills. She is signed up for a talent show that brings together Chinese-American community. This is seen as an opportunity to showcase her developing talent in piano. She is faced by a significant audience, and all that can save her is a miracle since the talent show has trapped her. However, all she was set for is shame, to her and her family. A daughter-mother conflict arises and the mother’s concern for her daughter’s talent fades away. Towards the end of the story, the daughter returns with her piano. The piano is fully serviced. Jing-mei’s mother has passed away and her high hopes for the daughter can only be remembered by keeping the piano. She therefore lets the piano act as a representation of her mother’s hopes for

Thursday, October 31, 2019

Unilever Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Unilever Company - Essay Example The current nonexecutive director of the dual companies is Michael Treschow while the chief executive of the company is Paul Polman. The company has a sizeable slice in London stock exchange and has a rank of the eighteenth position in the stock exchange as at the close of 2011 (Murphy 2009). Back ground information Unilever Company began its operations at the start of 1930. The pioneers include Samuel Bergh, Antonius Johannes Jurgen and William Lever. This was through the amalgamation of two businesses, where the British soap makers who were the Level brothers came together with the Dutch margarine producer who was Margarine Unie in 1927. The amalgamation of the two companies was strategic in terms of the commercial benefit it would provide. This is basing on the fact that, for the production of margarine and soaps, there would be a requirement of palm oil thus the importation of palm oil, which was a key raw material, would be fast and in large quantities. This would help reduce th e number of times the product would require transportation as well as reduce the custom taxes due to importation. The palm oil in use by the companies was from Belgian Congo, where they had procurement of seven fifty thousand hectares of the forest land from where there was the extraction of palm oil. This was by labourers whose working conditions were poor as well as the labourers getting low pay. At the beginning of 1930, the Unilever business empire went global opening branches in Latin America and Africa where the initial business had taken root. During the year, there was acquiring of restraints so as to increase the company’s operations, soon after acquiring the shares, there was the sale of shares by the management so as to make an expansion in the operations of the business. By then the company was making edible fats and soaps leading to much income by the business. The purchasing of the Chesebrough-pond’s company, there was strengthening of Unilever Company. T he expansion of the Company was due to purchasing of Calvin Klein Company that was in the making of Cosmetics as well as the Farbege and Elizabeth Arden companies. The expansion has led to making of a headquarters for all its operation worldwide which is in London. The name rises up fully in the 1990s, and getting a complete charter and becoming the Unilever Company (Wilson 2009). Issues in staffing and training and development The company has the right staffing solution. To get a preview on this, there is consideration of the various issues that the company has put into place including; compliance where the employees sign contracts that show there compliance in working towards a common goal for the well being of the business. Compliance is essential for the development of the organisation in that the employees know what the management requires thus works hard to comply with the standards of the company set by the management. Another issue is retention where the company retains the working conditions of the company, by ensuring that the employees work in an able environment thus they do not have to move to other fields. Retention of their initial name and logo has come ensures that the company

Tuesday, October 29, 2019

Prediction of OECD Regarding Budget Deficit in the USA Economy Research Paper

Prediction of OECD Regarding Budget Deficit in the USA Economy - Research Paper Example It is estimated that the standard principal deficit in the USA will be 2% of the total Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in 2015 and will increase to 7.7% of total GDP by 2035. The baseline debt of the USA was 65% of total GDP in 2010, which is estimated to become 213% by 2035 (Gagnon & Hinterschweiger, 2011). A budget deficit occurs when the government expands excess amount compared to what it gains through taxation. The opposite terminal of the budget deficit is budget surplus when the outgoings are less than the receiving amount (Investopedia ULC, 2011). Even a few years back, the US had a budget surplus but due to the impact of the crisis in present days, the US economy is running with a budget deficit of 10% on GDP. It is expected that the budget deficit will decrease to 7% of GDP and by 2017 the government will seek to reduce the budget deficit to 3% of GDP (Paletta & Boles, 2011). Deficit reduction plan is helpful for advanced economies to deal with the economic recession. Several nations have implemented the debt reduction strategy to maintain a justifiable fiscal budget and to reduce the debt. Deficit reduction strategy can result in a change of major economic and monetary players. It can help to achieve prospects of creditors which can ultimately reduce the financing budgets. It can be achieved by minimizing risk premium through ‘higher long-term interest’ (OECD, 2010). Deficit Reduction in Greek Government The Greek government had followed the deficit reduction plan in order to reduce their huge amount of deficits. In the year 2009, the deficit of Greece was 15.4% of GDP. The government of Greece had estimated a deficit of 9.4% in 2010. In order to reduce the deficit, Greece had adjusted its economic settings. The objective of deficit plan of Greece is to reduce government budget by decreasing expenses on public pays, annuities on the public as well as private segments, and raise the revenue by increasing the rate of Value Added Tax (VAT), an d taxes on gasoline, alcohol, and tobacco products. Greece’s deficit plan was to receive financial support from the EU nations and the International Monetary Fund (IMF). Through this financial support, it is estimated that Greece can improve economic growth and reduce the debt crisis. But, the deficit plan can have certain negative impacts on the economy. Reducing the monetary expenses can lead to falling on the value of the currency and stock market. Increasing taxes can also harm the lifestyle of people and can impact on the demand of products which may increase the problem of crisis. However, those who support the deficit plan say that delay in consolidating debt can worsen the economic condition even further (McCully & Webb, 2010). Deficit Reduction by Irish Government The debt crisis of Ireland is not similar as Greece, as it did not occur due to excess expenditures; rather it had occurred due to the promising housing bubble in certain Irish banks.

Sunday, October 27, 2019

A Study On Banking Ombudsman Scheme Commerce Essay

A Study On Banking Ombudsman Scheme Commerce Essay The Banking Ombudsman Scheme, 1995 was notified by RBI on June 14, 1995 in terms of the powers conferred on the Bank by Section 35A of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949 to provide for a system of redressal of grievances against banks. The Scheme sought to establish a system of expeditious and inexpensive resolution of customer complaints. The Scheme is in operation since 1995 and was revised during the year 2002. The Scheme is being executed by Banking Ombudsmen appointed by RBI at 15 centres covering the entire country. The word ‘Ombudsman in general means a ‘grievance man, a public official who is appointed to investigate complaints against the administration. He is to intervene for theordinarycitizen in his dealings with the complex machinery of the establishment. Objective The objective behind this scheme is to make available an expeditious and cost effective grievance redressal mechanism to bank customers. Vision and Goals of the Banking Ombudsman Offices Vision Statement To be a visible and credible system of dispute resolution mechanism for common persons utilizing the banking services. Goals To ensure redressal of grievances of users of banking services in an inexpensive, expeditious, fair and reasonable manner that will provide impetus to improved customer services in the banking sector on a continuous basis. To provide valuable feedback suggestions to Reserve Bank of India towards framing appropriate and timely guidelines to banks to improve the level of customer service and to strengthen their internal grievance redressal systems. To enhance the awareness of the Banking Ombudsman Scheme. To facilitate quick and fair (non-discriminatory) redressal of grievances through use of IT systems, comprehensive and easily accessible database and enhanced capabilities of staff through training. SCOPE OF THE SCHEME The Banking Ombudsman Scheme, 2002 covers all the Regional Rural Banks in addition to all Commercial Banks and Scheduled Primary Co-operative Banks, which were already covered by earlier Banking Ombudsman Scheme, 1995. The grounds of complaints that can be entertained by the Banking Ombudsmen have been enumerated in Clause 12 of the Banking Ombudsman Scheme 2002. What are complaints Ombudsman may receive? The Banking Ombudsman can receive and consider any complaint relating to the following deficiency in banking services (including internet banking): * non-payment or inordinate delay in the payment or collection of cheques, drafts or bills * non-acceptance of small denomination notes * non-acceptance of coins tendered * non-payment or delay in payment of inward remittances * failure to issue or delay in issue of drafts * non-adherence to prescribed working hours * failure to provide or delay in providing a banking facility * complaints from Non-Resident Indians having accounts in India * refusal to open deposit accounts without any valid reason for refusal * levying of charges without adequate prior notice to the customer * non-disbursement or delay in disbursement of pension * refusal to accept or delay in accepting payment towards taxes * forced closure of deposit accounts without due notice * refusal to close or delay in closing the accounts * non-adherence to the fair practices code as adopted by the bank * any other matter relating to the violation of the directives When a person may file the complaint? One can file a complaint before the Banking Ombudsman if the reply is not received from the bank within a period of one month after the bank concerned has received one s representation, or the bank rejects the complaint, or if the complainant is not satisfied with the reply given by the bank. Rules for filing complaint Any person may himself or through his authorized representative make a complaint to the bank. If the bank rejects the complaint or the complainant does not receive any reply within a month or the complainant is not satisfied with the reply even by the bank, the complainant may approach the Banking Ombudsman for redress of the grievance subject to the following:  · The complaint should be made within one year after the cause of action has arisen.  · The complaint is not in respect of the same subject matter that was settled through the Office of the Banking Ombudsman in any previous proceedings.  · The complaint does not pertain to the same subject matter for which any proceedings before any court, tribunal or arbitrator or any other forum is pending or a decree or award or a final order has already been passed.  · The complaint is not frivolous or vexatious in natur When will one s complaint not be considered by the Ombudsman ? a. One has not approached his bank for redressal of his grievance first. b. One has not made the complaint within one year from the date one has received the reply of the bank or if no reply is received if it is more than one year and one month from the date of representation to the bank. c. The subject matter of the complaint is pending for disposal / has already been dealt with at any other forum like court of law, consumer court etc. d. Frivolous or vexatious. e. The institution complained against is not covered under the scheme. f. The subject matter of the complaint is not within the ambit of the Banking Ombudsman. g. If the complaint is for the same subject matter that was settled through the office of the Banking Ombudsman in any previous proceedings. How Where can one lodge his/her complaint? One can file a complaint with the Banking Ombudsman simply by writing on a plain paper. One can also file it online or by sending an email to the Banking Ombudsman. One may lodge his/ her complaint at the office of the Banking Ombudsman under whose jurisdiction, the bank branch complained against is situated. For complaints relating to credit cards and other types of services with centralized operations, complaints may be filed before the Banking Ombudsman within whose territorial jurisdiction the billing address of the customer is located. PERFORMANCE OF THE BANKING OMBUDSMEN The performance of the Banking Ombudsmen has been analysed on the aspects such as: the quantum of complaints handled by them, the timeliness in handling the issues, and appropriateness of the decisions of the Banking Ombudsmen. More than 5000 complaints are received by the Banking Ombudsmen every year. The number of complaints received by the BO offices has been steadily increasing since 1999-2000. The number of complaints received during 2000-01, 2001-02 and 2002-03 stood at 5803, 5907 and 5399 respectively while there was a sharp rise during the year 2003-04 at 8246. Details are as given below: Number of complaints received by the Banking Ombudsmen Period No. of Offices of Banking Ombudsman No. of complaints received during the year Average No. of complaints per office 99-00 15 4994 333 00-01 15 5803 387 01-02 15 5907 394 02-03 15 5399 360 03-04 15 8246 550 Role of Arbitrator Any dispute between a bank and its constituents or between a bank and another bank may be referred to a Banking Ombudsman for arbitration, if both the parties agree for such a reference provided that the value of the claim in such dispute does not exceed Rs.10 lacs. Reporting The Banking Ombudsman shall report to the Reserve Bank, the non-compliance by any bank of an award and the Review Authority shall pass the necessary order. If a bank fails to implement the award within the prescribed time limit, the complainant may approach the Review Authority with a prayer to pass an appropriate direction to the bank for immediate compliance of the award. The Review Authority shall not receive any such additional or new material from any party which was not produced before the Banking Ombudsman. The Review Authority may call for the comments of the Banking Ombudsman in a review application filed before him, provided he is satisfied that such comments of the Banking Ombudsman are necessary in the exigencies of the case. The object behind the Banking Ombudsman Scheme is to make available an expeditious and cost effective grievance redressal mechanism to bank customers. Hence Banking ombudsman will endeavor to promote a settlement through conciliation or mediation and he will not be bound by any legal rule of evidence.With effect from January 1, 2006, RBI has further modified the scheme. Now complaints relating to credit cards can also be preferred by aggrieved customers. Earlier, retired bank officers or retired bureaucrats were being appointed as ombudsmen. With effect from Jan.2006, RBI officers are appointed as ombudsmen. Centres And Their Operational Areas Ahmedabad Gujarat, Union Territories of Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Daman and Diu Bangalore Karnataka Bhopal Madhya Pradesh and Chattisgarh Bhubanes-war Orissa Chandigarh Himachal Pradesh, Punjab and Union Territory of Chandigarh Chennai Tamil Nadu, Union Territories of Pondicherry and Andaman and Nicobar Islands Guwahati Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland and Tripura Hyderabad Andhra Pradesh Jaipur Rajasthan Kanpur Uttar Pradesh (excluding District of Ghaziabad) and Uttaranchal Kolkata West Bengal and Sikkim Mumbai Maharashtra and Goa New Delhi Delhi, Haryana, Jammu and Kashmir and Ghaziabad district of Uttar Pradesh Patna Bihar and Jharkhand Thiruvanan-thapuram Kerala and Union Territory of Lakshadweep Some Important Developments during the year 2008-09 Meeting of the Committee on Subordinate Legislation, Rajya Sabha on functioning of the Banking Ombudsman Scheme in the private sector banks and foreign banks: Deputy Governor represented the Bank during the deliberations of the Committee on Subordinate Legislation on functioning of the Banking Ombudsman Scheme in the private sector banks and foreign banks. The Committee was headed by Dr Najma Heptulla, MP and the banks called for discussion were HDFC, Citibank, Standard Chartered Bank, Deutsche Bank and HSBC Ltd. Advertisement under series Jago Grahak Jago: An advertisement campaign on the Banking Ombudsman Scheme has been released by the Bank in collaboration with Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food Public Distribution, Government of India as a joint campaign under the Jago Grahak Jago series. A massive advertising visual publicity campaign on the Banking Ombudsman scheme had been carried out in both print and electronic media. This publicity will help in elevating awareness about the BO Scheme among the common people. In addition, banks were instructed to display details of the BO Scheme in all bank branches for the benefit of their customers. Up gradation of Complain Tracking Software (CTS) The upgraded version of CTS package went live from July 1, 2009. The upgraded CTS package has provision to enter the complaints, acknowledge the complaints, edit the complaints to update it, upload/ down load supporting of citizens. The System is to record and receive the grievances online and redress them indicating action at different levels. The Government of India is monitoring the System. All the Public Sector banks, Offices of the Banking Ombudsman, RBI, SIDBI, IDBI Bank, NABARD etc., have been listed by Government of India as subordinate offices and given username and password to access the DARPG portal to enable them to dispose of the grievances against banks online. The Government of India intends to discontinue with the disposal of grievances in paper form in a phased manner. Reform Banking Ombudsman Latest Law Commission onCheque Bounce J. Venkatesan reports that the Law Commission of India has recommended setting up of fast track courts to dispose over 3.8 million cases pending cheque bounce cases and has suggested that an amendment to the Instruments Act to compel the drawer of a cheque to pay 50 per cent of the amount of the receipt of summons. The head of Commission, Justice A. R. Lakshmanan has noted that because of the huge pendency of the cases the credibility of the business within and outside the country suffered a serious setback. â€Å"Dishonour of a cheque by a bank causes incalculable loss, injury and inconvenience to the payee, and the credibility of issuance of cheque is also being eroded to a large extent†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Banking Ombudsmanon cheque Bounce The practical experience at Banking Ombudsman reveal that officials of Banking Ombudsman of RBI have soft corner for the largest public sector bank of India- State Bank of India. Despite the fact that they observed â€Å"the bank had erroneously returned the cheque† Banking Ombudsman noted that by refund of actual expenses in pursing complaint (Rs. 2000) and apology, â€Å"complaint has been reasonably addressed and no further compensation for any loss or damage on account of the deficiency in Banks service could be allowed†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . This is in contrast to its decision, a year ago, against Corporation Bank which too had wrongly bounced cheque of the same senior citizen â€Å"..It is therefore advised that the complainant may be compensated with Rs, 1500/- towards harassment caused†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . Why so soft on SBI? Further Banking Ombudsman did not issue any directions to SBI nor to Corporation Bank, on account of serious deficiency of service. Coming back, SBI did no t render any sincere apology to the senior citizen. What to talk of promising efficient customer service or responding to query under RTI, sent through post office. More on the working of Banking Ombudsman. The Banking Ombudsman passed an Award against the erring SBI, the passbook of complaint also mentioned-†As per orders passes by banking Ombudsman..†. However, the official letter from Banking Ombudsman maintained that that complaint was resolved amicably between the bank and the complainant. No award was passed, how to contest? When it was asked under RTI Act that- â€Å"were terms of settlement signed by both complainant and the bank before the Banking Ombudsman as a mark of settlement/agreement? Please list the number of complainants disposed by settlement where terms of settlement was signed by the bank and complainant in 2007-08? The response of RBI-†No such practice is envisaged under the provisions of the Banking Ombudsman Scheme, 2006†. Not surprising, on record, ,majority of complainants Banking Ombudsman are amicably resolved. What option does the common man have when the normal grievance redressal mechanism fails? To sit at home and accept the helplessness or to approach the Courts, aleady overflowing with cheque bounce cases? In the light of public interest Justice A. R. Lakshmanans observation, SARCAJC appeals to Reserve Bank of India to Amend the present Banking Ombudsman Scheme so that compensation can be awarded to common man (taking account the loss of the complainants time and harassment and mental anguish), whose cheque is wrongly bounced by any Bank. Further, apart from officials of Reserve Bank of India, two active representatives of general public should be included in Banking Ombudsman structure so that Banking Ombudsman Scheme effectively works in the public interest and eases the pressure of cheque bounce cases in the Indian courts. Review Of Literature Awareness Fridays: A Guide to the Indian Banking Ombudsman Scheme Vinaya HS on January 2, 2009 The Reserve Bank of India also governs the Banking Ombudsman Scheme which provides an â€Å"expeditious and inexpensive forum to bank customers for resolution of their complaints relating to banking services.† The objective of the Banking Ombudsman Scheme is to be a visible and reliable system of dispute resolution mechanism for bank customers. Though the Ombudsman was launched way back in 1995, how many among us are really aware of when and how to approach the Banking Ombudsman? Thankfully, as always, the Reserve Bank of India has recently released a guide on this very topic. RBI amends Banking Ombudsman Scheme Mumbai, May 24: The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) brought about crucial amendments to the Banking Ombudsman Scheme, 2006 which will now enable aggrieved customers to not only appeal against any Ombudsmans decision but also to appeal in case of complaints being rejected. The appeal could be made to the deputy governors office of the RBI. The Ombudsman, however, has the right to reject complaints if they are ; not on the grounds of complaint referred to in clause 8; beyond the pecuniary jurisdiction of Banking Ombudsman prescribed; frivolous, vexatious, malafide; without any sufficient cause; that it is not pursued by the complainant with reasonable diligence; in the opinion of the Banking Ombudsman there is no loss or damage or inconvenience caused to the complainant; or requiring consideration of elaborate documentary and oral evidence and the proceedings before the Banking Ombudsman. In case of a complainant being aggrieved by the award under clause 12 or by rejection of a complaint, he may exercise the option of an appeal within 30 days, the RBI said in its notification. Title:THE BANKING OMBUDSMAN SCHEME Journal of Financial Regulation and Compliance Year:1994 Abstract: This paper examines the role of the Banking Ombudsman in dealing with complaints about banking services. It describes the procedures for investigating eligible complaints and considers the overlap with other Ombudsman schemes, in particular those of the Building Societies and Insurance Ombudsmen. Exemplary Cases dealt with by BO offices where customers were right Case 1 : The complainant was maintaining a current account and approached the bank to convert his current account to cash credit account. For the said purpose he had pledged NSC amounting to Rs.1,20,000/-. Subsequently the bank neither sanctioned him a cash credit limit nor returned the certificates. In the meantime the certificates were matured for payment and he requested the bank to return the certificates. The bank failed to return the certificates stating that the certificates had been misplaced. The complainant approached us with a request to redress his grievances. On taking up the matter with the bank, the bank assured to take up the matter with the post office for issue of duplicate NSCs. On receipt of the duplicate NSCs from the concerned post office, the complainant was compensated for the loss of the original certificates. The complainant submitted a letter of satisfaction to the BO. Case 2 : A complaint relating to non-credit of cheque amount into the account of the complainant was received. The complainant had reportedly taken up the matter with the bank several times but there was no response by the bank towards credit of the cheque amount. The complainant approached the BO for resolution of his grievances. On receipt of the complaint, BO questioned the bank as to what action had been taken on the complaint by them. The bank reported that the cheque in question was lost in transit resulting in non-credit of the cheque amount to the complainants account. At the instance of BO, the bank took up the matter with UTI Mutual Fund, Patna by submitting letter of undertaking and death certificate. The Mutual Fund issued a duplicate cheque and the amount was credited to the complainants account. The complainant submitted a letter of satisfaction. Case 3 : BO received a complaint where the complainant alleged that on her husbands death, she approached the concerned bank on November 27, 2008 for payment of family pension and all the formalities were completed as required by the bank. The Treasury Officer had converted the pension into family pension and advised the bank on October 18, 2008 to make payment to the widow. Though she had been approaching the bank there was no response from the bank. BO questioned the bank as to what action had been taken by them on the complaint. On persuasion, the bank redressed the grievances and paid the family pension to the complainant . Case 4 : A cheque drawn by the EPF Department on the ABC Banks Nasik branch for Rs.21.36 lakh was sent to XYZ Bank, New Delhi for credit to the account of the complainant. The amount was not credited to the complainants account advising that it had not received the cheque. The complainant, however, obtained the Proof of Delivery from Post Office in support of the claim that it was delivered to the XYZ bank.. It transpired that the XYZ bank had actually misplaced the cheque before sending it for collection to ABC Bank and it had already furnished an affidavit to the EPF Department reporting the misplacement of the cheque and requesting for a duplicate cheque. With the intervention of BO, the bank credited an amount of Rs.18,894/- as interest on the delayed payment since date of deposit of the cheque. RECOMMENDATIONS : 1. If a complaint is not settled by agreement within a period of one month from the date of receipt of the complaint or such further period as he may consider necessary, the Banking Ombudsman may make a recommendation by reference to what is, in his opinion, fair in all the circumstances. Copies of the recommendation shall be sent to the complainant and the bank concerned. 2. The recommendation by the Banking Ombudsman shall be open to acceptance by the complainant only if he accepts all terms of the recommendation in full and final settlement of his claim against the bank and he shall, if he accepts the recommendation, within two weeks from the date of receipt of the recommendation send his acceptance in writing stating clearly that he is prepared to accept a settlement in terms of the recommendation is full and final settlement of his complaint. 3. The Banking Ombudsman shall cause a copy of the letter of acceptance, received from the complainant to be forwarded to the bank. The bank shall, if the recommendation is acceptable to it, comply with the terms of the recommendation immediately on receipt of acceptance of the terms by the complainant and inform the Banking Ombudsman of the settlement in terms of his recommendation. If the recommendation is not acceptable to the bank, it shall inform the Banking Ombudsman within a period of two weeks. sReferences : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ombudsman http://www.rbi.org.in/SCRIPTs/bs_viewcontent.aspx?Id=164 http://www.rbi.org.in/scripts/FAQView.aspx?Id=24 http://www.consumercourt.netfirms.com/consumercourtbankingombudsman.htm http://www.apnaloan.com/credit-card-india/Banking-ombudsman-area.html http://www.icrpc.org/icrpc.org.bankingombudsman.htm